Free Pompeii and Herculaneum guidebook

Deciding whether to visit Pompeii or Herculaneum can be a difficult choice. Both archaeological sites offer a unique and fascinating look into life in ancient Rome. Here are a few key differences to consider to help you decide.

Dimensions and structure

The first big difference between Pompeii and Herculaneum lies in their size: the excavations, or scavi, of Pompeii cover an area of about 44 hectares of land, while Herculaneum covers only 4 hectares.

Pompeii was a large and prosperous commercial city, while Herculaneum was a small holiday resort. The Herculaneum archaeological site lacks the large structures that Pompeii had, such as the forum and the amphitheatre.

Preservation of the buildings

Herculaneum’s strong suit is how well the buildings have been preserved. The ancient city was buried by a flow of lava and mud that covered and filled all the buildings without damaging them. Pompeii, on the other hand, was buried by a burning cloud of ash, pumice, and lapilli. This brought down all the upper floors and burned the wooden parts, which remained intact in Herculaneum.

Making the choice

In the end, if you have to choose just one archaeological site, we recommend Pompeii. Herculaneum can be a good option if you can't walk far or if the climate is particularly hot (Herculaneum has more places to shelter in the shade than Pompeii).

To visit Pompeii, we absolutely recommend hiring a tour guide for your walking tour. For Herculaneum, an audio guide may be sufficient. If you are passionate about ancient history, you can also consider visiting the excavations of Stabia, Oplonti and the National Archaeological Museum in Naples, where the artifacts found during the excavations are kept.

We advise against attempting to visit Pompeii and Herculaneum on the same day; it would be too tiring an itinerary.

This ancient archaeological site is one of the most famous in the world, offering an incredibly detailed picture of daily life in ancient Rome. Here are the most important points to visit in the archaeological park of Pompeii:

• The Forum

• The amphitheater

• The garden of the fugitives with casts

• The house of the faun

• The House of Vets

• The thermal baths with calidarium, frigidarium and tepidarium

• The temple of Jupiter

• The temple of Venus

• The temple of Isis

Guide to visiting the ruins of Pompeii (with map)

Though smaller and less famous than Pompeii, Herculaneum offers a unique insight into life in ancient Rome, with many perfectly preserved buildings. Here are the the most important points to see during your visit:

• House of the Telephus Relief

• House of the Samnites

• The seat of the augustali

• The men's baths

Guide to visiting the ruins of Herculaneum (with map)

Pompeii and Herculaneum are easily reached by train from Naples and Sorrento. If you arrive by car, there are parking lots near the entrances to the archaeological sites.

By train

The Circumvesuviana railway line connects Naples and Sorrento, with stops near the archaeological sites of Pompeii and Herculaneum. From the Pompeii Villa dei Misteri station, the Porta Marina Superiore entrance is exactly opposite, while the Porta Marina Inferiore entrance (Piazza Esedra) is just a few meters away.

By car

If arriving by car, the A3 Pompei Ovest highway exit leads directly to the archaeological park entrance, and there are numerous car parks near the entrances. Reaching Herculaneum by car can be a bit trickier, as you have to navigate through the traffic of the modern city center. Once near the entrance to the archaeological ruins, there are plenty of parking spaces.